Gao, Y., & Clark, S. G. Elephant ivory trade in China: Trends and drivers. 180, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2014.09.020 Yufang Gao Susan ClarkAfrican elephant Beijing [China] Demand Guangdong Guangzhou Ivory trade Loxodonta market Shanghai black market conservation management cultural heritage elephant ivory legal system poaching Trade