01087nas a2200109   4500000000100000008004100001653004000042653004600082100001600128245007300144520076000217                                       d10aInternational tensions (THE\_65377)10aOther international framework (ICH\_1378)1 aNaomi Okawa00aHistoric conservation now needs re-examination of its basic concepts3 aThe period from the Venice Charter of 1964 to Nara Conference on Authenticity of 1994 saw many increases and enlargements of concepts in historic conservation, which corresponded to wider spread of the idea of historic conservation around the world. Yet, the period from Nara Conference till now witnessed rather clashes of ideas concerning historic conservation. Contrary to our expectation, the concept of authenticity secured no firm foundation even after the conference. The debates on intangible heritage, the original theme for the scientific symposium in 2002, also showed a deep conceptual rift among ICOMOS executives. Now at many conferences on historic conservation we frequently see such conceptual clashes. What is the cause of these clashes?