02740nas a2200337   4500000000100000000000100001000000100002008004100003653002300044653002600067653002300093653002300116653001100139653002500150653002400175653001300199653000900212653002500221653001500246653002100261653001200282100001300294700001700307700001500324245008800339856015100427300001400578490000700592520178300599022002002382       2022                            d10aConservation value10aDepressional wetlands10aFloristic relevés10aFloristic richness10aFrance10aStanding waterbodies10aconservation status10acrayfish10afish10afreshwater ecosystem10amacrophyte10aspecies richness10awetland1 aF. Labat1 aG. Thiébaut1 aC. Piscart00aA new method for monitoring macrophyte communities in small shallow lakes and ponds  uhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85128873448&doi=10.1007%2fs10531-022-02416-7&partnerID=40&md5=f1da76958caa897af38b87b623a365bf  a1627-16450 v313 aMacrophytes are key to the functioning of small shallow lakes (SSLs) because they maintain a clear water state through numerous positive feedbacks. The composition of macrophyte communities changes under anthropogenic pressures; as a result, tools designed to easily and rapidly assess their structure and composition are increasingly requested. We tested three sampling methods (the S3m sampling method, a stratified method, and a mapped inventory) to monitor macrophytes in 26 SSLs. The effect of each method was evaluated on seven descriptors of macrophyte communities, including the median conservation value. The results were comparable for the three methods, but the stratified method failed to accurately monitor the median conservation value and the number of species present at a low frequency, including exotic and patrimonial species, hence serious consequences for management decisions. S3m was applied to 262 SSLs ranging from 1 m2 to 43 ha in surface area. Generalised additive models were used to investigate the environmental factors correlated with four conservation value or ecosystem functioning descriptors. The S3m method showed that surface area, distance from the source, elevation, and bank verticality were determinants of macrophyte richness. Invasive crayfish impacted the macrophyte richness and the coverage of submerged macrophytes, whereas fish presence increased the macrophyte richness and the percentage of exotic macrophytes and reduced patrimonial interest. S3m was successfully applied to a wide diversity of SSLs in France. It proved to be rapid, reproducible, and representative for monitoring macrophytes in SSLs. Therefore, it should be applied for SSL management. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.  a09603115 (ISSN)