The Conflict between Cultural Heritage Policies and Everyday Reality in China －from UNESCO to tradition bearers－

China has been the country that has most actively embraced and most strategically used the idea and system of cultural heritage created by UNESCO. The Chinese government takes great interest in UNESCO’s policies for the protection of World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage. In addition, it has developed internal policies for the protection and use of cultural heritage.At the same time, however, the Chinese government’s response has not been entirely consistent with the principles envisioned by UNESCO and the institutions it has designed. This has led to a misalignment in various aspects. In addition, local governments and the general public in China have taken various actions in response to the policies developed in response to UNESCO’s cultural heritage movement. This also caused a gap not only between UNESCO’s cultural heritage policy, but also the Chinese government’s cultural heritage policy. In the process of implementing the policy, there were cases of natural discrepancy, and on the other hand, there were cases of deliberate discrepancy by policymakers.Cultural heritage policies have created an uncertain socio-cultural situation in various regions of China. It is difficult to accurately predict in advance the impact of cultural policies in a region, because the changes in the situation created by cultural policies can deviate from the assumptions made at the time of cultural policy formulation. This paper discusses the gap between the philosophy and reality of cultural heritage policy in China and the resulting impact on local residents.