01546nas a2200193   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002100001900043700001900062700001600081700001800097700001700115700002100132245013100153300001200284490000700296520103500303022001401338                                       d1 aBjorn Berglund1 aJunko Kitagawa1 aPer Lageras1 aKoji Nakamura1 aNaoko Sasaki1 aYoshinori Yasuda00aTraditional Farming Landscapes for Sustainable Living in Scandinavia and Japan: Global Revival Through the Satoyama Initiative  a559-5780 v433 aTraditional, pre-industrial farming was adapted to the natural environment-topography, geology, hydrology, climate, and biota. Traditional land use systems are still to be traced in Scandinavia as an "infield/outland landscape", and in Japan as a "Satoyama landscape." There are obvious similarities and differences in land use-the main difference being that pasturing of cattle and sheep has been less important in Japan. These land use systems can be traced back to early sedentary settlements 1500-2500 years ago. In both regions, traditional management almost ceased in the mid-twentieth century leading to afforestation and decreased biological diversity. Today, there is in Japan a growing movement for landscape restoration and promotion of a sustainable living countryside based on local agrarian and forestry production, local energy, tourism, etc. With this background, the so-called Satoyama Initiative has been organized and introduced as a global socio-ecological project with ecosystem services for human well-being.  a0044-7447