02778nas a2200265   4500000000100000008004100001653000800042653000900050653001800059653002400077653002200101653002300123653002300146653002600169100002000195700001300215700001500228700001600243245011300259856014100372300001200513490000800525520193700533022004202470                                       d10aBam10aIran10aKerman [Iran]10aWorld heritage site10acultural heritage10acultural landscape10acultural tradition10aheritage conservation1 aG. Amirjamshidi1 aE. Fodde1 aD. D Ayala1 aE. Mokhtari00aThe role of intangible assets in the conservation of Bam and its cultural landscape as a World Heritage site  uhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865530502&doi=10.2495%2fST120321&partnerID=40&md5=7826b461dd9cce871f35d0c696c034b3  a393-4020 v1613 aBuildings must pass the test of authenticity and integrity to be considered as World Heritage sites. The combination of these attributes can be referred to as the genuineness of the site. Bam suffered from a devastating earthquake in December 2003, but even after the disaster, the area was acknowledged to have a high degree of authenticity and integrity and was successfully put forward for consideration as a World Heritage site. Apart from the uniqueness of Bam s Citadel as the world s greatest mud brick structure and of a number of buildings in the immediate vicinity of the Citadel, the rationale for its inscription was also influenced by its intangible aspects and cultural landscape. Examples of intangible heritage in Bam include the legend of Haftvad and the Kot-e Kerm and its relation to the Silk Road as well as the beliefs of people of Bam in the rituals linked to the well of the Master of Time (Imam Zaman), and the ritual of Ashura. Until recently, the integrity of a World Heritage site was mostly assessed by studying its tangible heritage. However, in 1982, UNESCO introduced a new mandate for consideration of intangible heritage to emphasise its significance and to strive for protection of traditional culture and folklore. Several regional assessments have since been made on the impacts and recommendations on the protection of traditions, culture and folklore. When protecting a tangible heritage site, the practice is mainly based on pragmatic conservation and restoration. Non-tangible heritage, on the other hand, is more subtle and requires more sophisticated approaches and methods for its preservation. This paper investigates the intangible heritage associated with the Bam Citadel as part of Bam and its cultural landscape and, where appropriate, highlights the relationship between these assets and the architectural aspects to accentuate the cultural importance of this of World Heritage site.  a17433541 (ISSN); 9781845645946 (ISBN)