@article{6192,
  author = {Long Tang and Hyung-Deok Shin},
  title = {Cultural Integration through Colonial Relations: Focusing on Macau, Goa, Taiwan and Korea},
  abstract = {Cultural integration can be viewed as a process of new cultural creation and development. Since this process occurs for very long time and through complex interactions of various elements, it is not easy to investigate the phenomenon of cultural integration. This study focuses on special situations, which are colonial periods, to see this phenomenon. Especially, we focus on political and cultural acceptance as motivating elements for visible and invisible cultural heritage. While comparing the cases that dominant and colonial countries are friendly and hostile each other, we try to find any relationship between the level of cultural acceptance and the level of cultural integration. Reviewing four different regions that have experienced colonialism ― including Macau, Goa, Taiwan, and Korea, we try to discover the relation- ship between the level of political/cultural acceptance and the level of visible/invisible cultural heritage. Specifically, we found that Macau and Portugal maintained a generally friendly relationship each other during colonial days, political and cultural acceptance levels were high, and tangible and intangible heritage integration levels were also high. On the other hand, we found that Korea and Japan maintained a generally hostile relationship each other during colonial days, political and cultural acceptance levels were quite low, and tangible and intangible heritage integration levels were also low. However, Portugal did not always have friendly relationships with its colonial countries, neither did Japan have hostile ones. For example, Goa, where Portugal dominated, showed hostile relationship with Portugal, low levels of politi- cal/cultural acceptance, and low levels of tangible/intangible heritage integration. Taiwan, where Japan dominated, showed friendly relationship with Japan, medium to high levels of political/cultural acceptance, and medium levels of tangible/intangible heritage integration. This results implies that cultural integration does not depend on dominant countries’ general characters, but depends on political and cultural acceptance which is made by both dominant and colonial countries.},
  year = {2020},
  journal = {The Journal of Eurasian Studies},
  volume = {17},
  number = {2},
  pages = {223-242},
  issn = {1738-3382},
}