02465nas a2200289   4500000000100000000000100001000000100002008004100003260000800044653001000052653001500062653001500077653003300092653001500125100003000140700002200170700001700192700001700209700002000226700001700246700002500263245011100288856015000399490000700549520159900556022002002155       2021                            d  cjul10aBatik10aChallenges10aInnovation10aIntangible cultural heritage10aProduction1 aSharifah Syed Shaharuddin1 aMaryam Shamsuddin1 aMohd Drahman1 aZaimah Hasan1 aNurul Mohd Asri1 aAhmad Nordin1 aNorhashimah Shaffiar00aA Review on the Malaysian and Indonesian Batik Production, Challenges, and Innovations in the 21st Century  uhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85113133464&doi=10.1177%2f21582440211040128&partnerID=40&md5=b1d042839e8d91f2cb76c28617daf9370 v113 aMalaysia and Indonesia are well known as prolific producers of batik in Southeast Asia. The history of batik in both countries is deeply intertwined for more than a century. Most available published works related to batik production, challenges, and innovations were discussed within the local batik context of each country. This study aims to identify collectively how far batik, as a creative industry in these countries has progressed since its establishment until the present 21st century. It was notable that batik craftsmanships have been mostly maintained as similar tools and techniques are persistently being used until today in both countries. Significant progress was observed in the design and stylization of the batik design with the use of digital approaches such as fractal geometry. Similar challenging problems faced by both nations were highlighted and clustered into internal and external issues. It was concluded that assimilations of Third Industrial Revolution technology (IR3.0) primarily centered on the use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing to improve existing batik production. Emerging studies have shown the positive impact of integrating Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) technology such as augmented reality (AR) in promoting batik knowledge and transmitting batik as an intangible cultural heritage. The transmission of batik skills to the young generation has been a persistent problem. Thus, a brief framework was proposed to exemplify how IR4.0 technology can innovatively be used to transmit the batik skills via education platform.  a21582440 (ISSN)