02456nas a2200301   4500000000100000008004100001260002000042653001900062653001300081653002200094653001400116653003500130653002000165653002200185653002800207653001800235653001900253100001300272700001700285700001400302700001300316245007600329856016700405300001200572490000900584520154100593020002002134                                       d  bCopernicus GmbH10aClimate change10aOntology10aSemantic features10aSemantics10aSmall Historical urban centres10aSpatial objects10aSpatial reasoning10aSustainable development10aUrban mapping10aUrban planning1 aM. Kokla1 aM. Mostafavi1 aF. Noardo1 aA. Spano00aTowards building a semantic formalization of (small) historical centres  uhttps://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85065670300&doi=10.5194%2fisprs-Archives-XLII-2-W11-675-2019&partnerID=40&md5=c0acec772f79fa7fe32575094e2889c1  a675-6830 v42-23 aHistorical small urban centres are of increasing interest to different interacting fields such as architectural heritage protection and conservation, urban planning, disaster response, sustainable development and tourism. They are defined at different levels (international, national, regional), by various organizations and standards, incorporate numerous aspects (natural and built environment, infrastructures and open spaces, social, economic, and cultural processes, tangible and intangible heritage) and face various challenges (urbanization, globalization, mass tourism, climate change, etc.). However, their current specification within large-scale geospatial databases is similar to those of urban areas in a broad sense resulting in the loss of many aspects forming this multifaceted concept. The present study considers the available ontologies and data models, coming from various domains and having different granularities and levels of detail, to represent historical small urban centres information. The aim is to define the needs for extension and integration of them in order to develop a multidisciplinary, integrated semantic representation. Relevant conventions and other legislation documents, ontologies and standards for cultural heritage (CIDOC-CRM, CRMgeo, Getty Vocabularies), 3D city models (CityGML), building information models (IFC) and regional landscape plans are analysed to identify concepts, relations, and semantic features that could form a holistic semantic model of historical small urban centres.  a21949042 (ISSN)